MOBILE COMPUTING

They haven’t quite created KITT —the chatty artificial intelligence built into the automotive star of television’s Knight Rider—but Dashboard Devices lets you give your ordinary car a dose of smarts with the $2,750 ENV-XC. This computer is built around a 1.66-gigahertz Intel Core Duo processor, with 1 gigabyte of memory and a 160-GB hard drive. It connects to an in-dash touch screen, which replaces your car radio controls, and features a DVD-read/write drive; a USB port to connect additional devices, such as a keyboard for writing e-mail; a GPS navigation system; and WiFi. It comes with Windows, but advanced users can install the Linux operating system instead. And yes, it will even talk to you. www.dashboarddevices.com.

21ST CENTURY RADIO

Tired of regular old AM/FM? Then consider this car radio, which will connect you to Internet stations around the world. It uses Bluetooth to piggyback on the data link provided by devices like the 3G-enabled iPhone. MiRoamer expects models to hit the shelves in the second half of this year at a price of $300 to $400. www.miroamer.com.

SOLAR PHONE

More states are insisting that drivers use hands-free devices when phoning from their cars. One good option is the $100 LG solar-powered speakerphone, which taps Bluetooth to connect to your cell phone. A single button lets you answer calls—and make them if your phone can handle voice commands. One hour spent charging the speaker phone in daylight yields about two hours of talk time; a car adapter that lets you charge directly from the dashboard is also included. www.lge.com.

GET FOUND

If you can’t afford a complete computer upgrade for your car, you can still get some navigation assistance with this portable GPS unit. Controlled via touch screen, the $189 GY 135 will speak directions and reroute you automatically should you miss a turn. It is loaded with maps of the United States right out of the box; additional U.S. and Canadian maps can be added using a memory card. www.thencc.com.

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MPEG2 vs MPEG4 Comparison
MPEG2 and MPEG4 are two versions of bunched coding technologies, used to compress audio and video data files, so that their transmission and usage is simpler. These coding techniques, which are a collection of patented data compression programs, are aimed at converting the audio/video data, so that data transmission time is reduced and it falls within the storage and handling capacities of transmission media. While compressing, care is taken that audio and video quality is not compromised. Let us begin our comparison between the two coding formats.

MPEG2 vs MPEG4 – Quality
MPEG-2 is the industry standard and the videos you watch on DVD and digital television are encoded by the MPEG-2 standard. The quality of MPEG-2 is impeccable, but this format is not made for multimedia network applications. It is not made for streaming videos on the phone or for broadcast applications. So the quality of a video compressed in MPEG-2 format, if streamed online, will be compromised.

On the other hand, the MPEG-4 format has been developed for multimedia streaming applications on the Internet. So a video encoded in the MPEG-4 format will give a better quality video or audio when streamed online, as it’s designed for such a network or multimedia application. With MPEG-4 format, video conferencing is possible!

MPEG2 vs MPEG4 – File Size
Compared to MPEG-2 files, MPEG-4 files take up less memory size. This is because MPEG-4 compression algorithm is designed to create files, which can be transported over the Internet, and streamed on multiple network platforms.

MPEG2 vs MPEG4 – Compression
Video or audio compression is all about maintaining the same quality of audio or video but using lesser memory size. MPEG-4 compression is an improvement over MPEG-2 format.

If a studio quality audio or data file of a movie is released without compression, it will take at least 20 DVDs! Whereas if it’s compressed using MPEG format, the same movie can be carried on a single DVD! How does the MPEG-2 format achieve this? It achieves this by removing certain redundant parts from a frame which are repeated in the later ones. That is, parts of the picture frame that remain static are stored only once! Only the differences between successive frames will be stored later. The bit rate is also controlled accordingly. There are many other tricks involved which reduce the size of the file while encoding. This way the video file is encoded in the MPEG-2 format and the size of the video file is substantially reduced. So when you play such an encoded file, your video player has to have the MPEG-2 decoder to render back the original frames from the compressed form.

The MPEG-4 compression is quite complicated compared to the MPEG-2 compression as it is designed to achieve high quality videos for multimedia applications at a relatively low bit rate. To put it simply, the MPEG-4 compression removes redundant bits by comparing many more frames at a time, compared to MPEG-2, by adjusting the bit rate accordingly. Compared to MPEG-2, MPEG-4 is far more versatile encoding format.

MPEG2 vs MPEG4 – Bitrate
MPEG-2 format encoded files have a bitrate ranging from 4 to 9 MB per second, while the MPEG-4 files have a bit rate which is substantially lower (some Kilobytes per second) than that. This is because the format is designed for network applications.

MPEG2 vs MPEG4 – Bandwidth
If you make the MPEG-2 vs MPEG-4 bandwidth comparison, you will find a substantial difference as they are formats designed for different platforms. While MPEG-2 has a bandwidth of up to 40 MB per second, MPEG-4 has bandwidth of around 64 kbps.

Both formats are in use today for different applications. MPEG-2 is still used in DVD encoding and TV broadcast while the Internet and videophone platform, belongs to the MPEG-4 format. Hope this MPEG-2 vs MPEG-4 comparison has given you a rough idea about both the formats.

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The distinction between science, engineering and technology is not always clear. Science is the reasoned investigation or study of phenomena, aimed at discovering enduring principles among elements of the phenomenal world by employing formal techniques such as the scientific method. Technologies are not usually exclusively products of science, because they have to satisfy requirements such as utility, usability and safety.

Engineering is the goal-oriented process of designing and making tools and systems to exploit natural phenomena for practical human means, often (but not always) using results and techniques from science. The development of technology may draw upon many fields of knowledge, including scientific, engineering, mathematical, linguistic, and historical knowledge, to achieve some practical result.

Technology is often a consequence of science and engineering — although technology as a human activity precedes the two fields. For example, science might study the flow of electrons in electrical conductors, by using already-existing tools and knowledge. This new-found knowledge may then be used by engineers to create new tools and machines, such as semiconductors, computers, and other forms of advanced technology. In this sense, scientists and engineers may both be considered technologists; the three fields are often considered as one for the purposes of research and reference.

The exact relations between science and technology in particular have been debated by scientists, historians, and policymakers in the late 20th century, in part because the debate can inform the funding of basic and applied science. In immediate wake of World War II, for example, in the United States it was widely considered that technology was simply “applied science” and that to fund basic science was to reap technological results in due time. An articulation of this philosophy could be found explicitly in Vannevar Bush’s treatise on postwar science policy, Science—The Endless Frontier: “New products, new industries, and more jobs require continuous additions to knowledge of the laws of nature… This essential new knowledge can be obtained only through basic scientific research.” In the late-1960s, however, this view came under direct attack, leading towards initiatives to fund science for specific tasks (initiatives resisted by the scientific community). The issue remains contentious—though most analysts resist the model that technology simply is a result of scientific research.

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The Merriam-Webster dictionary offers a definition of the term: “the practical application of knowledge especially in a particular area” and “a capability given by the practical application of knowledge”. Ursula Franklin, in her 1989 “Real World of Technology” lecture, gave another definition of the concept; it is “practice, the way we do things around here”. The term is often used to imply a specific field of technology, or to refer to high technology or just consumer electronics, rather than technology as a whole. Bernard Stiegler, in Technics and Time, 1, defines technology in two ways: as “the pursuit of life by means other than life”, and as “organized inorganic matter.”

Technology can be most broadly defined as the entities, both material and immaterial, created by the application of mental and physical effort in order to achieve some value. In this usage, technology refers to tools and machines that may be used to solve real-world problems. It is a far-reaching term that may include simple tools, such as a crowbar or wooden spoon, or more complex machines, such as a space station or particle accelerator. Tools and machines need not be material; virtual technology, such as computer software and business methods, fall under this definition of technology.

The word “technology” can also be used to refer to a collection of techniques. In this context, it is the current state of humanity’s knowledge of how to combine resources to produce desired products, to solve problems, fulfill needs, or satisfy wants; it includes technical methods, skills, processes, techniques, tools and raw materials. When combined with another term, such as “medical technology” or “space technology”, it refers to the state of the respective field’s knowledge and tools. “State-of-the-art technology” refers to the high technology available to humanity in any field.

Technology can be viewed as an activity that forms or changes culture. Additionally, technology is the application of math, science, and the arts for the benefit of life as it is known. A modern example is the rise of communication technology, which has lessened barriers to human interaction and, as a result, has helped spawn new subcultures; the rise of cyberculture has, at its basis, the development of the Internet and the computer. Not all technology enhances culture in a creative way; technology can also help facilitate political oppression and war via tools such as guns. As a cultural activity, technology predates both science and engineering, each of which formalize some aspects of technological endeavor.

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With this special price, customers can save about 200 dollars. This computer seems good for also struggling with their usual graphics world, as it comes with VGA cards from NVIDIA GeForce 320M.

Product Details

Processor 1.4 GHz Intel Core 2 Duo
3MB shared L2 cache

800MHz system bus

Memory 2GB of 1066MHz DDR3 SDRAM onboard (4GB maximum)

Storage1 64GB of flash storage

Slot-loading optical drive Optional external USB MacBook Air SuperDrive (sold separately)

Graphics NVIDIA GeForce 320M graphics processor with 256MB of DDR3 SDRAM shared with main memory2

FaceTime video camera; Mini DisplayPort output port with support for DVI, VGA, dual-link DVI, and HDMI (requires adapters, sold separately)
Display 11.6-inch (diagonal) high-resolution LED-backlit glossy widescreen display, 1366-by-768 resolution
Ports Two USB 2.0 ports (up to 480 Mbps)

Audio Stereo speakers, omnidirectional microphone, headphone minijack

Networking Apple USB Ethernet Adapter (sold separately)
Wireless AirPort Extreme Wi-Fi (based on IEEE 802.11n specification) 3 Bluetooth 2.1 + EDR (Enhanced Data Rate) wireless technology
Size and weight

Height: 0.11-0.68 inch (0.3-1.7 cm)
Width: 11.8 inches (29.95 cm)
Depth: 7:56 inches (19.2 cm)
Weight: 2.3 pounds (1:06 kg) 4

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